{"id":128,"date":"2016-07-13T09:13:18","date_gmt":"2016-07-13T07:13:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/wordpress\/?p=128"},"modified":"2016-09-21T15:53:42","modified_gmt":"2016-09-21T13:53:42","slug":"128","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/index.php\/2016\/07\/13\/128\/","title":{"rendered":"Deriving Requirements for Pervasive Well-Being Technology From Work Stress and Intervention Theory: Framework and Case Study"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-title\">\n<h2 class=\"h2-article-title\">Deriving Requirements for Pervasive Well-Being Technology From Work Stress and Intervention Theory: Framework and Case Study<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"authors-container\">\n<div class=\"authors clearfix\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"authors-container\">\n<div class=\"authors clearfix\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"authors-container\">\n<div class=\"authors clearfix\">\n<ul class=\"clearfix\">\n<li><a class=\"btn-view-author-options\" href=\"http:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/search\/searchResult?field%5B%5D=author&amp;criteria%5B%5D=Saskia+Koldijk\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">Saskia Koldijk<span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"><sup><small>1,<\/small><\/sup><sup><small>2<\/small><\/sup><\/span>, MSc<\/span><\/u><\/a><a class=\"author-orcid\" title=\"ORCID\" href=\"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7999-6688\" target=\"_blank\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"btn-view-author-options\" href=\"http:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/search\/searchResult?field%5B%5D=author&amp;criteria%5B%5D=Wessel+Kraaij\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">Wessel Kraaij<span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"><sup><small>1,<\/small><\/sup><sup><small>2,<\/small><\/sup><sup><small>3<\/small><\/sup><\/span>, PhD<\/span><\/u><\/a><a class=\"author-orcid\" title=\"ORCID\" href=\"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7797-619X\" target=\"_blank\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"btn-view-author-options\" href=\"http:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/search\/searchResult?field%5B%5D=author&amp;criteria%5B%5D=Mark A+Neerincx\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">Mark A Neerincx<span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"><sup><small>2,<\/small><\/sup><sup><small>4<\/small><\/sup><\/span>, PhD<\/span><\/u><\/a><a class=\"author-orcid\" title=\"ORCID\" href=\"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8161-5722\" target=\"_blank\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"author-affiliation-details\">\n<p><sup><span style=\"font-size: small;\">1<\/span><\/sup>Radboud University, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands<\/p>\n<p><sup><span style=\"font-size: small;\">2<\/span><\/sup>TNO Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, The Hague, Netherlands<\/p>\n<p><sup><span style=\"font-size: small;\">3<\/span><\/sup>Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden, Netherlands<\/p>\n<p><sup><span style=\"font-size: small;\">4<\/span><\/sup>Delft University of Technology, Interactive Intelligence, Delft, Netherlands<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"Abstract\">ABSTRACT<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background: <\/span>Stress in office environments is a big concern, often leading to burn-out. New technologies are emerging, such as easily available sensors, contextual reasoning, and electronic coaching (e-coaching) apps. In the Smart Reasoning for Well-being at Home and at Work (SWELL) project, we explore the potential of using such new pervasive technologies to provide support for the self-management of well-being, with a focus on individuals&#8217; stress-coping. Ideally, these new pervasive systems should be grounded in existing work stress and intervention theory. However, there is a large diversity of theories and they hardly provide explicit directions for technology design.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective: <\/span>The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive and concise framework that can be used to design pervasive technologies that support knowledge workers to decrease stress.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods: <\/span>Based on a literature study we identify concepts relevant to well-being at work and select different work stress models to find causes of work stress that can be addressed. From a technical perspective, we then describe how sensors can be used to infer stress and the context in which it appears, and use intervention theory to further specify interventions that can be provided by means of pervasive technology.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results: <\/span>The resulting general framework relates several relevant theories: we relate \u201cengagement and burn-out\u201d to \u201cstress\u201d, and describe how relevant aspects can be quantified by means of sensors. We also outline underlying causes of work stress and how these can be addressed with interventions, in particular utilizing new technologies integrating behavioral change theory. Based upon this framework we were able to derive requirements for our case study, the pervasive SWELL system, and we implemented two prototypes. Small-scale user studies proved the value of the derived technology-supported interventions.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions: <\/span>The presented framework can be used to systematically develop theory-based technology-supported interventions to address work stress. In the area of pervasive systems for well-being, we identified the following six key research challenges and opportunities: (1) performing multi-disciplinary research, (2) interpreting personal sensor data, (3) relating measurable aspects to burn-out, (4) combining strengths of human and technology, (5) privacy, and (6) ethics.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"h4-article-volume-issue\">JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016;4(3):e79<\/h4>\n<p>doi:10.2196\/mhealth.5341<\/p>\n<div class=\"citation-options-wrapper print-only\">\n<h3>Citation<\/h3>\n<p class=\"hide-p\">Please cite as:<\/p>\n<p class=\"citation-authorstring hide-p\">Koldijk S, Kraaij W, Neerincx MA<\/p>\n<p class=\"citation-article-title hide-p\">Deriving Requirements for Pervasive Well-Being Technology From Work Stress and Intervention Theory: Framework and Case Study<\/p>\n<p class=\"citation-article-citation-string hide-p\">JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016;4(3):e79<\/p>\n<p class=\"citation-article-doi hide-p\">DOI: <a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/mhealth.5341\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">10.2196\/mhealth.5341<\/span><\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"citation-article-pmid hide-p\">PMID: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27380749\" target=\"_blank\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">27380749<\/span><\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"citation-article-pmcid hide-p\">\n<\/div>\n<h3>KEYWORDS<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"keywords-ul\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/search\/searchResult?field%5B%5D=keyword&amp;criteria%5B%5D=psychological stress\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">psychological stress<\/span><\/u><\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/search\/searchResult?field%5B%5D=keyword&amp;criteria%5B%5D=professional burn-out\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">professional burn-out<\/span><\/u><\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/search\/searchResult?field%5B%5D=keyword&amp;criteria%5B%5D=behavioral symptoms\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">behavioral symptoms<\/span><\/u><\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/search\/searchResult?field%5B%5D=keyword&amp;criteria%5B%5D=self-management\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">self-management<\/span><\/u><\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/search\/searchResult?field%5B%5D=keyword&amp;criteria%5B%5D=health technology\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">health technology<\/span><\/u><\/a>;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mhealth.jmir.org\/search\/searchResult?field%5B%5D=keyword&amp;criteria%5B%5D=early medical intervention\"><u><span style=\"color: #0066cc;\">early medical intervention<\/span><\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deriving Requirements for Pervasive Well-Being Technology From Work Stress and Intervention Theory: Framework and Case Study Saskia Koldijk1,2, MSc\u00a0; Wessel Kraaij1,2,3, PhD\u00a0; Mark A Neerincx2,4, PhD\u00a0 1Radboud University, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands 2TNO Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, The Hague, Netherlands 3Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[9,10,12,8],"class_list":["post-128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publication","tag-behavioural-change","tag-sensors","tag-swell","tag-work-stress"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=128"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":132,"href":"https:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128\/revisions\/132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/liacs.leidenuniv.nl\/~kraaijw\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}